???????? ???????????:

????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ???

? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????? (???. 1) ???:

  • ??????? ?????, ???? ??????????
  • ???????????? ?????, ???? ??????????????? ???????, ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????????????
  • ??? ??? ??????????

a1.1

a2.2

???. 1

???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????, ?? ?????????? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ???????????? ? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????.
a3.3

a4.4

???. 2

??? ????? ?? ???? ???????, ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? (???. 2).

? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????, ??? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????, ?????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????, ?? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? (???. 3).

a5.5a6.6

???. 3

?? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????????????? ????????????????? (???? ?.?. ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????) ? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? (?.?. ??? ??????? ???????).

???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????? (???. 3) ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????, ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????, ??????? ? ???? ???? ??????.

????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???, ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????????? ??????. ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??i?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????, ???? ??? ??????? ????? (???????? ????) ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? (?????? ????).

a7.7

???. 4

? ????? ????????????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????, ????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? (????) ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????.

? ??????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????????????? ??? ??? ???? ? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????.

?? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ????????????? ??? ? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? (???. 5). ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????.

????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????, ?? ???????? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ???????? ?????? - ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????????. ????, ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????????? (?.?. ???????????-???. 5? ? ????? ???????? ???? ?????-???. 5?,?) ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????!

a8.8 a9.9 a10.10

???. 5: ????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? (????) ????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????

??????????? ????????

    • ????????? ?????????
    • ???????????? ?????
    • ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????

? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ???????

??????????? ????????

???? ??????????? ????:

??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????

???????? ? ??????????? ????????

????????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????

???? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????????

? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????. ??? ?????? ??????????, ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? 4cm ??? ?????? ????????? ???? (???. 7) ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????????????, ????????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? (???. 8)

a11.11???. 7

a12.12a13.13

???. 8

??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? (??? ?????? ???? ?? ????), ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????.

a15.15a14.14

???. 9

?????????, ??? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? (???. 9) ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?? (???. 10?) ? ????? (???. 10?) ?????? ????? ??? ???????.

a16.16 a17.17 a18.18

???. 10? ???. 10? ???. 10?

?????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????????? ?? ???????? ???? ? ? ??????????, ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? (???. 10??), ?? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????????.

? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? 2 ??????. ??????????????, ? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????????????, ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? 2-4 ?????????.